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Determination of some nutrition factors in selected kinds of fruit
Smělá, Margita ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
Diploma thesis is concerned with determination of some nutrion factors and vitamin C in various cultivars of apples (Pirus Malus, L.) and quinces (Cydonia oblonga, Mill.). In theoretical part there are described general characterization in selected kinds of fruits, their medically significant sunstances and utilization of these fruits. Main focus is paid to vitamin C. There are described its chemical properties and effect for human health. Various methods for determination of some nutrion factors with focus on determination of vitamin C by high-performance liquid chromatography. In experimental part, total of 27 various cultivars of aplles and 16 various cultivars of quinces were analyzed. These cultivars are from grower station Faculty of garden of Mendel university. For determitation vitamin C was used by high-performance liquid chromatography. Vitamin C was determination as an ascorbic acid. Some nutrion factors were analyzed in experimental part. There were analyzed dry matter, total flavonoids, total phenolics and titratable acid in various cultivars of apples and quinces. There were compared of some various cultivars after representation and content of significant substances as result. The last part of thesis was sensory analysis of apples.
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Mšice na ošetřovaných a neošetřovaných ovocných dřevinách
Prudíková, Tereza
During the year 2022, the occurrence of aphids on apple trees with different protection intensities was monitored at two locations and five experimental areas in Starý Lískovec (Brno) and in Květná (district Uherské Hradiště). The monitoring of overwintering eggs was realized in February. It was found, that higher abundance of eggs was on south side and lower level of the crown. The highest number of eggs was discovered on untreated apple orchard Květná, with an average of 32 eggs per 1 m of branch length. Visual control of the abundance and species spectrum of Aphididae was realized on 3 June, 29 June and 16 July 2022. Totally four aphid species were detected on three experimental areas, Dysaphis plantaginea, Myzus persicae, Aphis pomi and Eriosoma lanigerum. The highest abundance and most species were detected on untreated part in Starý Lískovec, summary 26 colonies of three different aphid species (Dysaphis plantaginea, Myzus persicae, Eriosoma lanig-erum).
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Vlnatka krvavá (Eriosoma lanigerum), význam a možnosti její regulace
Klimešová, Lada
The research was performed in vegetation season of year 2014 in apple orchard near Nosislav in Břeclav district. The task was to compare efficiency of two auxiliary preparations and two insecticides, separately or in different combinations. Valuation of efficiency of these preparations in various variants was performed by measuring lengths of colonies of woolly aphid 1.2 and 7 days after application. The trial had been started at 4.6.2014. The most efficient variant was Cocana 1.5% followed by Mospilan 20 SP 0.013% -- Mospilan was applied immediately after applying of Cocana (efficiency 80.2%). Very good results were noticed on variants Mospilan 20 0.013% (efficiency 75.6%), Cocana 2% + Mospilan 20 SP 0,013 % -- tankmix (74.2%), Cocana 2% followed by Mospilan 20 SP 0,013% (68.8%), Cocana 1% followed by Mospilan 20 SP 1% (64.5%). Low efficiency was found out at Cocana 2% followed by Wetcit 0.3% (48.7%). The worst efficiency was by application of Cocana 2% followed by Spintor 0.6 l/ha (13%).
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Diversity of Neofabraea species causing bull's eye rot in the Czech Republic
Pešicová, Kamila ; Novotný, David (advisor) ; Mazáková, Jana (referee)
Neofabraea is a genus of an important plant pathogenic fungi having worldwide appearance. Four Neofabraea species are responsible for bull's eye rot of pome fruits. The aim of this thesis was to investigate which of these species occur in the Czech Republic. 81 isolates were collected during a two- year period and they were identified using PCR fingerprinting (primers ERIC 1R and M13-core) and DNA sequencing (ITS, mtSSU and tub2). The results showed that species N. alba, N. perennans and Cryptosporiopsis kienholzii occur in the Czech Republic. According to available information, this is the second record of C. kienholzii in Europe. One isolate (KP4) failed to be identified as any of the species. KP4 is very close to C. kienholzii, but it can be distinguished both biologically and genetically. Furthermore, the aggressiveness of individual species was compared.N. perennans and strain KP4 proved to be most aggressive, the least aggressive is C. kienholzii. Two N. alba strains (KP36 and KP37) isolated from healthy apple fruit and leaf are pathogenic for apple fruits. Keywords: aggressiveness, Cryptosporiopsis kienholzii, Dermateaceae, Helotiales, apple tree, Malus, PCR fingerprinting, postharvest diseases Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Apple Trees as Representatives the Utility Plants of the Tribe Rosaceae
Šnorová, Markéta ; Skýbová, Jana (advisor) ; Odcházelová, Tereza (referee)
TITLE Apple trees as representatives of utility plants in the menials Rosaceae AUTHOR Markéta Šnorová DEPARTMENT Department of biology and environmental education SUPERVISOR RNDr. Jana Skýbová ABSTRACT Submitted bachelor thesis is devoted to apple trees, as represantatives of menials Rosaceae. At first I introduced some other plants of family Rosaceae. My object was process theme apple tree from wider angle of view. From pollination until salvage and use their fetuses - apples. I have dealt also ecological requirements of appletree, their cultivation, varieties and history of their cultivation. Further I have highlighted importance of apples for humans in terms of nutrition. For the purpose of teaching i have compiled practical works useful in the lessons of botany at elementary school. And grammar school I suggested and laboratories tasks of chemistry and biology. KEY WORDS Apple tree, apple, cultivation, variety, nutrition.
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Škůdci ovocných dřevin na Brněnsku v různých podmínkách pěstování
Kohoutová, Michaela
Bachelor thesis is focused on observation of pests of apple and plum trees on three areas around Brno. Monitoring has taken place during vegetation period 2015 by visual inspection. Eleven species of insects were observered, six of them were registered on apple trees and five on plum trees. Anthonomus pomorum was detected on every place which caused big damage on the first place. Aphis pomi was another major pest of the first post. Cydia pomonella and Hoplocampa testudinea had the biggest impact on the second post. Tatianaerhynchites aequatus and Hedya nubiferana were not so significant. Plum trees were much damaged by Vespula vulgaris and Vespa crabro. Less damage was made by Operophtera brumata. The least damage was caused by Grapholita funebrana, Hyalopterus pruni and Parthenolecanium corni.
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Rezistence jabloní vůči Venturia inaequalis, původci strupovitosti jabloně
Strouhal, Petr
Apples belong to the most important fruit species grown in a temperate zone. Like most cultivated botanical species, the domestic apple (Malus dometica Borkh.) is attacked by a number of pathogens. Apple scab caused by fungal pathogen Venturia inaequalis (Cooce) G. Winter belongs to the world's most important diseases of the apples. Chemical protection, which is based on the application of up to 20 treatments per vegetation in intensive orchards, represents a costly entry into the production of apples. Growing of apple scab resistant varieties is part of integrated plant protection and it is one of the ways to eliminate the negative effects of fungicides use on apple quality and on the environment and simultaneously produce quality and well-sold fruit. Therefore, the aim of the bachelor thesis is to elaborate a study focused on the issue of genetic mechanisms of resistance of apples to scab. The breeding of resistant apple varieties is based on two different genetic principles. The first principle is polygen-determined resistance, which is usually racially unspecific and persistent. However, donors of this resistance are difficult to define and the breeding process is significantly slower. Another option is racially-specific resistance controlled by some of the Rvi majorogens. Up to now, 18 different Rvi genes and their donors have been described. However, in apple resistant breeding, genes Rvi2, Rvi4, Rvi5, Rvi6 and Rvi10 are mainly used. But most of resistant varieties carry only gene Rvi6. The first varieties with resistance based on gene A were bred in the 1970s in the USA. In the Czech Republic, several dozen resistant varieties have been produced since 1980, mainly due to breeding programs in Station of apple breeding for disease resistence Institute of Experimenta Botany AS CR in Strizovice and in Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology. Holovousy Ltd. Most Moravian and Silesian farmers indicate the cultivation of at least one resistant variety. Nevertheless, it is clear from the data of the Czech Statistical Office that between 2012 and 2016 there was a significant decrease in the area of the two most common resistant varieties Topaz and Rubinola. The cause of this fact may be the breakdown of Rvi6 gene controlled resistance, the planting of other resistant varieties on significantly smaller areas, or lower fruit quality of resistant varieties. The occurrence of new V. inaequalis races has influenced the breeding strategies so that the breeding targets are resistant varieties with pyramidation of several majorgenes and polygenic resistance mechanism to scab.
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Sezónní dynamika a početnost nesytky jabloňové a nesytky rybízové v okolí Lysic
Pavlíčková, Kristýna
The pheromone traps for monitoring of seasonal dynamic and abundance of apple clearwing (Synanthedon myopaeformis Borkhausen, 1789) and currant clearwing moth (Synanthedon tipuliformis Clerk, 1759) has been used near the town Lysice from May to August of the year 2017. During the experiment, their occurrence was compared in intensively (Lysice) and extensively (Lažany) cultivated areas with currants and orchards of apple trees, where older and younger plants are cultivated. In Lažany the flight activity of the males was studied also during the day. In the winter of 2017 and 2018 the occurrence of currant clearwing moth caterpillars was evaluated in the shoots of the currant. At both localities 223 individuals of apple clearwings and 281 individuals of currant clearwings moth were caught. The greater abundance both species was found in intensively cultivated areas on older and damaged host plants. Males of apple clearwing flew to the pheromone traps from 26th May to 9th August, they were caught in the highest abundance around 20th July. Males of currant clearwing moth flew to the pheromone traps from 31st May to 28th July, with a maximum abundance around of 10th July, The adults of both species were intercepted from 9:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. The males of apple clearwing moth were caught in the highest abundance at 11:00 a.m. and at 1:00 p.m. The males of currant clearwing moth were caught in the high abundance at 12:00 a.m. During the winter control only one living caterpillar of currant clearwing moth was found. On the plants no damage caused by the examined species clearwings was found, and therefore no pest control is required.
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Výživa ovocných sadů sírou =: Nutrition of fruit orchards with sulphur /
Hnátková, (roz. Bělíková) Hana
The dissertation entitled „Nutrition of fruit orchards with sulphur“ explores the influence of sulphur fertilisation in the form of foliar application of fertilisers containing various forms of sulphur on yields, mineral composition of plant matter, on selective qualitative parameters of fruits and on the incidence of fungal diseases of apple trees. For the experimental part of dissertation was chosen the orchard of apple trees cv. Gloster on rootstock M9 in central leader training at the Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy, Ltd. The two-year experiment had six treatments: 1) control treatment without fertilisers or fungicides; 2) application of fertiliser containing elemental sulphur and boron (Sulfika SB-C); 3) application of fertiliser containing sulphates and magnesium (EPSO Top); 4) application of fertiliser with thiosulphates and potassium (SK sol); 5) application of fertiliser Sulfika SB-C supplemented with the standard fungicide programme without sulphur; 6) application of the Kumulus fungicide (containing elemental sulphur) supplemented with the standard fungicide programme without sulphur. The rate of sulphur was the same (i.e. 3.2 kg of sulphur per hectar) in treatments 2–6 in the entire growing season. The results proved that adequate fungicide protection is crucial to maintain the desired yield, quality and health condition of apple fruits, and can be suitably combined with the Sulfika SB-C fertiliser.
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